The steel frame of the Francis Scott Key Bridge sits on top of the container ship Dali after the bridge collapsed, Baltimore, Maryland, on March 26, 2024.
Roberto Schmidt | Afp | Getty Images
Logistics companies up and down the East Coast were urgently relaying messages back and forth to clients Tuesday on the status of their imports and exports, after the Port of Baltimore was shut down in response to the collapse of the city’s Francis Scott Key Bridge. A massive rescue effort was underway Tuesday morning.
“Our first priority is engaging clients to make plans for containers that were originally routed to Baltimore that will be discharged at other ports on the Eastern Seaboard,” explained Paul Brashier, vice president of drayage and intermodal for ITS Logistics.
“These diverted volumes will impact the ports of New York/New Jersey, Norfolk and the Southeast and we have to prepare trucking and transload capacity to get that freight to its intended network,” Brashier said.
The 10,000 container-capacity vessel Dali was on its way out of the Port of Baltimore in the early hours of Tuesday morning, heading to Colombo, Sri Lanka when it collided with a bridge pillar. At the time of the collision, the vessel had two pilots from the Port of Baltimore taking it out of port.
The steel frame of the Francis Scott Key Bridge lies in the water after it collapsed in Baltimore, Maryland, on March 26, 2024.
Roberto Schmidt | Afp | Getty Images
“The immediate impact is with the cargo on board and its accessibility. Other planned shipments through Baltimore will likely be rerouted, potentially increasing cargo flow to New York, Norfolk, and nearby ports,” said Goetz Alebrand, senior vice president and head of ocean freight for the Americas at DHL Global Forwarding. “Bulk and car carriers reliant on Baltimore must assess operations in the event of a prolonged closure.”
More than 52 million tons of foreign cargo, worth some $80 billion were transported out of the port last year, according to Maryland Gov. Wes Moore (D). The eleventh largest port in the nation, Baltimore served an average of 207 calls a month last year, according to the shipping journal Lloyd’s List.
Autos impacted
The Port of Baltimore is the top American port for the import and export of autos and light trucks, as well as wheeled farm vehicles and construction machinery. Last year, the port handled 847,158 cars and light trucks, according to data from the port.
2023 was the thirteenth consecutive year that Baltimore led American ports in the import of cars and light trucks. Other top imports include sugar and gypsum.
BYD electric cars waiting to be loaded onto a ship are seen stacked at the international container terminal of Taicang Port in Suzhou, in China’s eastern Jiangsu province on February 8, 2024.
STR | AFP | Getty Images
Breaking out the trade, $23 billion of the port’s total $55.2 billion of imports in 2023 were autos and light trucks. Around $4.8 billion of the port’s exports were motor vehicles.
“As Baltimore is primarily a roll-on/roll-off port, this disruption should create possible flatbed volumes out of other ports on the East Coast,” said D’Andrae Larry, head of Uber Freight.
Following the collapse, said Larry, the bridge and port will likely be out of service for months forcing shipments to divert first to ports in New York and New Jersey, followed by Norfolk, Virginia.
“Customers will be looking for solutions for their freight that typically goes through Maryland, the mid Atlantic, the upper Midwest and New England,” he said. “There are less intermodal options around Baltimore, but shippers can now turn to intermodal for inland moves as an alternative.”
Diversions
Retailers like Home Depot, Bob’s Furniture, IKEA, and Amazon are just some of the companies that use the port to import goods. Other top imports include sugar and gypsum.
“This will have an impact for trade all along the East Coast and it will continue until we know how quickly” the port can re-open, said Richard Meade, editor-in-chief of the shipping journal Lloyd’s List.
Vessels were already being diverted to New York and down to Virginia Tuesday, said Meade. “There will be dozens of diversions in the next week and hundreds in the coming months as long as Baltimore is shut down.”
A traffic warning sign is displayed on Route 95 after a cargo ship collided with the Francis Scott Key Bridge causing it to collapse on March 26, 2024 in North East, Maryland.
Kena Betancur | Getty Images
There could also be disruptions to gasoline availability in the Baltimore area, since some ethanol is imported in by barge and rail.
“Gasoline shipped from Gulf Coast refineries by pipeline is blended with 10% ethanol which is delivered into the Baltimore area via train and barge,” said Andy Lipow, president of Lipow Oil Associates. “The oil industry will have to find alternate supply routes for those barge deliveries which in the short term can be met by trucking it in from Philadelphia.”
Lipow said jet fuel and diesel fuel supplies would likely be unaffected. But these diversions will all create additional costs in both shipping and trucking once the re-routing is done.
“It will be expensive but it is not a supply chain story like the EverGiven (which was stuck in the Suez Canal) because ocean carriers will find alternative routes,” said Meade. “Logistically, ocean carriers and trucking have the ability to be pretty adapt and agile.”
The Dali was chartered by Maersk, which issued a customer advisory Tuesday.
“It will not be possible to reach the Helen Delich Bentley port of Baltimore for the time being. In line with this, we are omitting Baltimore on all our services for the foreseeable future, until it is deemed safe for passage through this area,” the company said.
“For cargo already on water, we will omit the port, and will discharge cargo set for Baltimore, in nearby ports. Please note that for cargo set to discharge in Baltimore, delays may occur, as they will need to discharge in other ports,” the Maersk advisory said.
Exporters
If exporters choose not to wait until the waterway reopens, they could face increased trucking and rail rates if volumes are rerouted by truck or rail to alternate ports like Norfolk, or New York/New Jersey, said Judah Levine, head of research for Freightos.
Top exports out of Baltimore include coal, natural gas, aerospace parts, construction machinery, agricultural components, and soybeans.
“The collapse of the Baltimore bridge primarily affects coal exports from CNX and CSX terminals,” said Madeleine Overgaard, dry market data manager for the global trade data platform Kpler. “Additionally, gypsum and sugar imports into the port of Baltimore will also be disrupted.”
“The alternate ports will also be used for arriving imports,” said Levine, of Freightos. “These should be able to handle the extra volumes, though re-routing could lead to some congestion or delays for importers, potentially impacting freight rates on the Asia-U.S. East Coast and transatlantic routes.”
Early cost estimates
Asia-U.S. East Coast shipping rates are already elevated, due to diversions away from the Red Sea after months of Houthi attacks on international shipping vessels.
But they have fallen from their peak, as demand has eased and carriers have made adjustments for the longer voyages. As of Tuesday, transatlantic rates were about even with 2019 levels, around $1,659/FEU (forty equivalent units).
While trade is nimble and will reroute, over the long-term, the bridge will need to be fundamentally engineered and rebuilt, and that will take years.
“It will be in excess of two years,” said Meade, of Lloyd’s List. “There will be significant disruption and cost to this infrastructure project. In 1977 the bridge cost $60 million. Take in inflation and the rapid pace to redesign and build will increase procurement premiums. This will be a very expensive project.”
The Dali is insured by Britannia Steam Ship Insurance, and operated by charter vessel company Synergy Group. The vessel is owned by Great Ocean Investment.
“Britannia Steam Ship insurance is a mutual [protection and indemnity group] which means risks are pooled by the industry,” said Meade.
“Britannia will be liable for the first $10 million. Collectively, the overspill goes into the pooling mechanism by the industry, and then there’s reinsurance,” Meade said.
